What are the pros and cons of the rise of networks Essay

What are the pros and cons of the rise of networks - Essay Example To put it simple, â€Å"a network society is a society whose social structure is made of networks powered by microelectronics-based information and communication technologies.† In this definition, it is evident that network as an essential part of social structure has a two-fold basis for its functioning. In this context, it is necessary to concentrate on the reasons of network to empower. In fact, this argumentation enables to comprehend the core contradiction that appears with the rise of networks. Among the key drivers towards the new network society, Castells (2010) mentions technological revolution, growing interdependence between contemporary economies.In other words, â€Å"social changes are as dramatic as the technological and economic processes of transformation†.In the case of technology, the very ability to analyze innovations in the close link with social movements rejects technological determinism. In particular, it is presented as a deeply rooted in the so cial fabric instance, which is a mirror of prevailing type of social and economic knowledge, organizational framework, and network disposition (Castells, 2010, p. 35). In the context of the latest technological revolution, Castells (2010) emphasizes the role of Silicon Valley in America as a precise driver of this significant change (p. 62). Moreover, he stresses on the genetic engineering as â€Å"they also refer to the decoding and recoding of the information of living matter†.

Sainsburys objectives Essay Example for Free

Sainsburys objectives Essay AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The company aim is to provide a world class service to customers by incorporating quality principles with our everyday routine. OBJECTIVES The companys objective is to discharge the responsibility as leaders in its trade by acting with complete integrity, by carrying out its work to the public good and to the quality of life in the community, to provide unrivalled value to its customers in the quality of the goods it sells, in the competitiveness of its prices and in the range of choice it offers. It aims in its stores, to achieve the highest standards of cleanliness and hygiene, efficiency of operation, convenience and customer service, and thereby create as attractive and friendly a shopping environment as possible and to offer its staff outstanding opportunities in terms of personal career development and in remuneration relative to other companies in the same market, practising always a concern for the welfare of every individual. The companys final objective is to generate sufficient profit to finance continual improvement and growth of the business whilst providing its shareholders with an excellent return on their investment. MARKETING AND SALES The company has a separate Marketing and Sales department and market research is used in the forms of market research staff using survey questionnaire in streets and in store, customer focus mornings where feed back can be gained, and questionnaires regarding current promotions e.g. Reward Card. The company hopes to present an image of high standard appealing to family groups and younger people and quality and value for money. The companys advertising strategy is through local TV and Radio, Local and National Strategies, Head Office planning branch and Marketing and Sales Manager Region e.g. Radio, TV, University, Freshers, Sponsorship Advertise by magazines, posters, instore demonstrations and customer led, evenings, mornings, suggestions, feedback, comments, book, school visits, community groups, talks to groups. The major influences on the price of the product are costs by the producer, competitors prices, regional pricing and select prices. The major markets are customers residing in the South Kirklees area. The main channels of distribution are contract distribution to supply products to store. Minority of goods delivered direct by suppliers. The main costs of distribution are transport and other related fixed costs depot vehicles and labour, fuel, consumables. The company is establishing closer links with suppliers by sharing vehicles. The major customers for the products are supermarket customers in South Kirklees. FINANCE The company leases the land and buildings, and the main items of capital equipment are plant machinery e.g. refrigeration, air conditioning, lighting and additional heating costs, checkout tills, display equipment shelves, trolleys, meat and bakery equipment, the fork lift truck, waste compactors, scissor lifts and computer and catering ovens. The company owns the company patent, trademark and products e.g. Classic Cola, Novon Washing Powder (65% of sales Sainsburys own brand) and its own magazine. The companys sources of finance are through ploughed back profit, shares, bank facilities, hire purchase/leasing and trade credit. Income is through profit and shares. Examples of fixed costs are capital equipment, contracted staff time, products and business rates for buildings. Examples of variable costs are energy heat, light, refrigeration, staff overtime and consumables e.g. staff clothing, paper stores, carrier bags. The company would like to invest in additional equipment and facilities for existing stores and updating others. This would provide better service and generate more sales. The cost of the investment would be variable and would be evaluated through a measured increase in turnover. The organisation has found recent trading conditions difficult because of strong competition in a small geographical area and competitive pricing e.g. special offers, introduction of a Reward Card customers and staff card, more advertising. PRODUCTION The products/services offered are a large supermarket, a wide range of food and non-food e.g. cd/video, books, pharmaceuticals, a cook shop, food includes:- bakery, meat, fish produce, dairy, frozen foods, tinned/packets, also a customer restaurant and a petrol station. The location of the company is in Huddersfield adjacent to the ring road opposite The University of Huddersfield and Oldgate House same side as Aspley Marina. Reasons why the organisation is located in Calderdale/Kirklees are to provide a service to customers within the geographical area and the suitable density of population. Reasons for this specific site are because of excellent road links for distribution and particularly customers, a good public transport system and land available for sale suitable for new store. The production process is split into Inputs, the Process and Outputs. The Inputs are goods and commodities are received from suppliers and received 24 hours a day. The Process is that when received, all items are counted manually and taken to the warehouse loaded on to special shelves. Information is recorded on the computer. Each department identifies goods needed. A list is made and items taken for display and sale in the shop. Department staff replenish the shelves when needed under close supervision and management in order to supply a high class service to customers. There is a customer self service and goods are taken to a checkout till for payment. There is an additional display and sales area inside the front entrance for cigarettes, books, newspapers and other small items. In addition a customer service desk is provided for customer contact. There is an adjoining restaurant for customers with the necessary preparation and sale of food. The Outputs are the provision of goods for sale in the store i.e. food and non food as well as a customer restaurant and petrol service station. HUMAN RESOURCES Human Resources Profile Total number455 Part time363 Full time92 Gender is mainly 25% Male and 75% Female, and a predominate number of staff are employed in checkout/replenishment of goods. Other staff include checkout, catering, administration, replenishes, warehouse, butchers, bakers, sales assistants. Staff Training The recruitment and selection procedures of the organisation are that internal recruitment is provided, they maintain a waiting list of speculative enquiries, they occasionally advise local press and they liaise with DSS re disabled staff. Training provided by the company includes Sainsburys own retail training scheme, NVQ level 1,2, NVQ level 4 for Trainee Managers, Assessors Awards for Department Managers, a regional co-ordinator, employment with training, plus operation skills training for in-house training. Methods used to motivate the workforce include the encouragement of employee commitment through involvement in decision making process. Also a Reward/Profit sharing scheme is used, as is a Pension scheme and additional voluntary contribution, a SAYE scheme, a Staff Association (national/local) and staff discounts. Employees have union representation through the following unions USDAW, T GW Union, a Recognition Agreement of no negotiation rights. Currently 13% of employees are in a union. MANAGEMENT, ADMINISTRATION AND COMMUNICATION Internal methods of communication are through senior management weekly meetings, store manager meetings, deputy manager meetings, department manager monthly meetings with staff, staff/management daily meetings, special additional meetings re initiatives, daily and weekly bulletins and through OASIS (E-Mail). External methods of communication are mail, phones, and through the Media TV, Radio and Press. Communications problems encountered and overcome have been continually ensuring communication of staff at all levels staff/customer upwards to management. The company has set up Staff Councils, elected regular Representatives of Staff and guaranteed Communicators who will inform a group of people. Developments in communication include Staff Councils. EXTERNAL FACTORS The consumers individual needs and expectations and the need to match customers needs to remain in business is one factor looked at. Another is the Governments Statutory legislation e.g. Health Safety, Hygiene, Employment, and Trading Standards. Local Authorities e.g. Planning Agreements, and Highway Authority are others. Competition from other superstores, regarding prime sites, maintaining the share of business, the effective change of products, the range and expansion into new initiatives are the big external factors in this trade.

politicians personal lives Essay -- essays research papers

Politicians make decisions that affect our everyday lives to the very state of defense for our country, and the media seems to personify personal parts of their lives. Should the press be allowed to interfere in and report on political figures personal lives? Some say they should, the people have a rite to know how an elected office candidate acts on said persons casual life. Others argue it’s an intrusion on privacy. It is my belief that these people run our country, but they all have personal lives that should be respected for the following reasons dignity, respect, and even suicide.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To begin with dignity is a base foundation of a person. Without dignity what good is a person’s word. Allowing the mass media to report on personal lives causes a direct loss of the subject’s personal dignity, and can lead to mistrust among voters and peers. When dignity is compromised scandals are allowed to run rampant. Scandals can affect a politicians public image, and voters and the general public may gain a misleading image of the candidate and ignore the person’s actual stance on issue therefore swaying voters to believe a false image. And example of this is the current president George Bush while his public image portrayed by the media is a redneck moron who used to do cocaine in 9/11 incident.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In addition respect is the basic respect for people is what bui...

Faking the Grade

Such as Bluetooth earphone, hiring academic gunners and buying essays online, and that the technical know-how tutorials in which the instructions of cheating are elaborated have been going viral on the Youth. According to the experts, cheating not only lose students' brains in telling right from wrong, but also caused a vicious circle that keeps constant cheating. Also, It gives multiple types of cheating, Including sabotage, plagiarism. ND bribing teachers with cash or sex. And then the documentary discusses the external factors that account for students' cheating, which virtually come from parents, news, events, society, and almost everywhere in the living world. After demonstrating an example, that a man made his career by selling his essays to students and their parents even offered to pay the ghostwriter for his works, the documentary reveals that parents have something to do with students' cheating.First, students are under much stress from parents, marks, and expectations and become vulnerable to cheat; second, according to the professor, with parents modeling, students internalize and they approach success by cheating to feel loved by their parents; third, parents look at it another way as documentary shows some parents were willing to buy cheating tools for their children. With showing many interviews with different audience, the documentary contends that cheating is related to a bigger issue, a dishonesty culture that penetrates news, events, society, and the whole world.After demonstrating two adult examples about a doctor copying other†s work for his research paper and some polices cheating for promotion, the documentary says a message is being delivered to young generation that endless pursuit of fame and fortune lead to a wrong mean—cheating to get ahead in today's dog-eat-dog environment according to the expert. Besides, Internal factors take much blame for cheating as a psychologist contends that personality is crucially responsible for cheating.In the documentary, an example of a used-to casino experienced cheater is illustrated where he pointed out that cheating is driven mostly by a risk-taking personality while prizes and marks seem less important. Moreover, according to the psychologist, people who like wearing fake brand clothes and Jewels are more likely to cheat; watching peers cheating would convince themselves to cheat under a worse style of studying, since a news is shown n the documentary that teachers changed score sheets for students to give the appearance of improved performance of the school instead of risking losing Jobs.However, this provoking behavior results in schools' fight back as it's illustrated in the documentary that teachers use high techs to catch cheaters, that schools set tests to examine students' academic integrity, and that harsh punishment would be given to cheaters with it showing the detecting tools and demonstrating examples of a girl who got accused of plagiarism because of strict rules of citing failing the exam or an unintentional mistake and of a boy who cheated getting a spot in his record with him forever.In the end, the documentary concludes by insisting a change is needed to prevent students from cheating and to cultivate a culture of honesty and integrity, after showing an example that students were devastated about their ceremony being called off due to a few students' cheating. According to the expert, reducing economic inequality, increasing students' sense of security, and eliminating the idea of dog-eat- dog environment are very means to pull the society back from dishonesty and welcome a reformation.

A Funeral Eulogy for a Roman Wife

The primary source is a funeral eulogy written in the 1st century B.C. by the husband of a woman who had just passed away. The eulogy is intended to praise the character and actions of the wife in front of those that had gathered at her funeral, who would most likely be people belonging to the same upper class of Roman society. The eulogy both reveals the type of person Turia was when she was alive and provides insight into the standard behavior expected of women by men, particularly among men and women that were wealthy. Perhaps there existed different expectations of poor women since they did not perform the same duties. Though, there are certainly some basic standards that all women were held to as revealed by the primary source. While Turia's qualities certainly match those possessed by other women of that time, some of her actions break from tradition entirely. Since the eulogy is written by the husband, someone who would have been one of the closest people to Turia, the document can certainly be believed, to an extent. There may have been some slight exaggerations seeing as how the woman had just passed away and the purpose of the eulogy was to highlight her admirable qualities. Turia, the Roman wife, is described as possessing the virtues of â€Å"loyalty, obedience†¦reasonableness†¦religion without superstition†¦[and] modesty of appearance† (LT 30). The virtue â€Å"religion without superstition† in particular may perhaps be praising her knowledge and understanding since she is able to differentiate between what is real and what is not. These virtues she possessed are a testament to her great character, however they are not unlike the virtues held by other women at the time. The husband states she shares many other similar commendable qualities â€Å"with all married women who care for their good name† (LT 34), thus implying that she is like any other wealthy Roman wife who cares a great deal about maintaining a good reputation and standing in society. The husband twice states that Turia's sister is just as worthy of praise as she is and that they are â€Å"equal† (LT 43), which further emphasizes the point that the traits Turia possessed were not unique, but rather the standard among elite women. The husband does, however, state that she is different in that she has faced difficult and rare circumstances that have allowed her to showcase her praiseworthy qualities. Such circumstances include having to fight against those who claimed her father's will was invalid. Turia had a â€Å"firm resolution† that aided her in ultimately resolving the issue in a way that favored her and thus allowing her to fulfill â€Å"[her] duty to [her] father, [her] devotion to [her] sister, and [her] faithfulness† towards her husband (LT 25-26). I believe this to be her most commendable quality. Clearly, the woman cared a great deal about family. Turia did not leave her parents' murder â€Å"unavenged† and was determined to carry out her father's last wishes by upholding his will (LT 5). She cared for her mother-in-law just as she would her own parents and also secured good marriages for her female relations through dowries in what her husband called â€Å"a spirit of generous family affection† (LT 42). Turia's devotion to family can be further shown by her distress at not being able to give birth. She was even willing for her husband to marry another so that he could have a child. She was entirely selfless and dutiful all throughout her life and it is clearly shown by her actions. The information revealed through the eulogy about Turia both coincides and differs from traditional views. Turia was devoted to protecting her family in any way she could, which concurs with the view of women being caretakers. However, Turia's way of taking care of her family breaks with the norm in that she did not simply stay at home and act after the damage had been done. For example, when a man named Milo and his troops attempted to seize the home of Turia and her husband, she â€Å"beat them back successfully† (LT 11a). The fact that Turia was entirely willing to divorce her husband so that he could have an heir coincides with the traditional idea of marriage being for sole purpose of lineage. However, both Turia and her husband break tradition by choosing to stay together despite the fact that they had no children. Their marriage, as stated by the husband, is also rare in that it lasted for 40 years and only ended because of death, not divorce (LT 27). Turia had a great character and that is undoubtedly shown by the deeds she performed and by the great amount of praise that her husband has towards her. She is both a leading example of an elite Roman woman and an exception to the norms of that time.

ict marksheet Essay Example

ict marksheet Essay Example ict marksheet Essay ict marksheet Essay Please read the instructions printed at the end of this form. One of these sheets, fully completed, should be attached to the assessed work of each candidate.Unit Title Developing computer gamesUnit CodeK/601/7324Year201Centre NameCentre NumberCandidate NameCandidate NumberAssessment CriteriaTeacher commentPage No./Evidence locationPassMeritDistinctionLearning Outcome 1 : Understand the impact of the gaming revolution on societyP1: explain the impact of computer games on societyM1: compare the negative and positive impacts of computer games on individualsGradeLearning Outcome 2 : Know the different types of computer gameP2: describe different types ofcomputer gameM2: describe how computer games have developed over timeD1: compare platforms and their technical aspects for running computer gamesGradeLearning Outcome 3 : Be able to design and develop computer gamesP3: produce a design for a computer game for a given specificationM3: describe how the design for the computer game can have capacity for expansionsGradeP4: develop a computer game for a given specificationGradeAssessment CriteriaTeacher commentPage No./Evidence locationPassMeritDistinctionLearning Outcome 4 : Be able to test and document computer gamesP5: follow a test strategy to test and debug a computer gameM4: gain user feedback to a computer game to suggest improvementsD2: act on user feedback to improve aspects of the computer gameGradeP6: produce user documentation for a computer gameGradeP7: produce technical documentation for a computer gameGradeOverall GradeCompleted by:Date :Please tick to indicate this work has been

Why Your Attitude is More Important Than Your Intelligence

Why Your Attitude is More Important Than Your Intelligence Sometimes it seems like the most successful people must be the smartest ones in the room- after all, how else would they have achieved that level? And how can you compete if you’re not a double major in French and biology at an Ivy League school, with a minor in rocket science? The reality is that those traditional hallmarks of intelligence and success don’t mean as much to your career as you might think (no offense to you French-speaking biologists in Harvard sweatshirts). In reality, your IQ may not mean as much to your career trajectory as the motivation and attitude you bring to your job.It’s All a Mind GameIn a Stanford study, psychologist Carol Dweck found that career success was tied more closely to an employee’s mindset over his or her IQ. She found that employees tended to fall into one of two mindsets: â€Å"fixed† and â€Å"growth.† People with fixed mindsets believe that your self is set, and won’t be changed by the everyda y work experience. Those with fixed mindsets tend to have problems with obstacles or challenges, regardless of their IQ.Conversely, people with growth mindsets see challenges as learning opportunities, and believe they can grow with each obstacle they navigate. These growth-minded people tend to outperform their fixed peers, no matter whose base IQ was higher.How You Can AdaptSo how can you make this work for you? In short, start thinking like a growth mindset-haver, if you don’t already. The best way to do this is start approaching your professional challenges (both big and small) in a more productive way. When presented with an obstacle, try these strategies to change your mindset.1. Don’t panic.You made a mistake? Someone just handed you a huge task, with a tight deadline? Someone else didn’t do something they should have? It’s important not to freeze, and throw your hands up in despair.2. Be proactive.Ask questions about next steps if you’re un clear about what to do. Think about what you can do in the short term, and what your plan is for the long term, then take concrete steps to achieve that particular goal. After you’re past the challenge or obstacle, take time to think about what led to the situation, what you did to resolve it, and what you would do if it happened again.3. Learn from it.Maybe you had an issue because you didn’t have a certain kind of skill. Or maybe someone else has expertise you need to be better at your job. Whatever can help you expand your horizons after you’ve dealt with the obstacle, take it as an opportunity to squirrel away knowledge for the future, or set mini goals for yourself in the short term to be better.Like an optimist, someone with a growth mindset tries to see around obstacles- what they can do in the short term, and what they can take from the situation. Giving up in the face of adversity makes you rigid, and unable to deal with curve balls. And what is profess ional life, if not a series of curve balls thrown directly at you?The most important thing is to be flexible and willing to adapt. You don’t need to be the person with the highest test scores, but if you’re the one who’s most willing to try (and even fail) in the interest of becoming smarter and more experienced, IQ is nothing but a number.

New Years resolutions for career success in 2018

New Years resolutions for career success in 2018 A new year is often looked at as an opportunity for making positive changes, and we’re all familiar with the tradition of making New Year’s resolutions- as we end each year and look forward to the next, we take stock of the things we want to improve upon or change in our lives. Those among us who are diligent enough to take things one step further set a plan for achieving our resolutions, and some among us actually follow through by putting in the time and effort to achieve our stated goals. And for the most dedicated and focused among us, sometimes a positive change and lasting result is achieved. Our New Year’s resolutions can vary across an endless array of categories- from finding love, making new friends, and moving to a new city to acquiring a new hobby or skill set. Among the most popular resolutions that people make involve job- and career-related goals. However, while making a New Year’s resolution for career change and success can be the beginnin g of a wonderful new chapter in our lives, it’s really just the first step.Positive intent can be a powerful motivating force for change and growth in our lives, but the truth is that it’s often not enough- this is the reason why the majority of us fail to completely commit and follow through on the resolutions we make each year. The truth is, most resolutions flounder in the starting gate without any real forward progress ever being made, and many others are met with a feeble, half-hearted effort that eventually goes nowhere.) We need more than a positive attitude and hope- we need a plan.According to a recent article on The Muse, â€Å"Those who took meaningful steps to achieve their resolutions- setting step-by-step goals or telling their friends and family, for example- were far more likely to achieve their desires than those who made no specific commitments†¦ So if you really want to see results this year, it’s critical that you set your goals with si ncerity, and set yourself up for success.†What are your New Year’s resolutions for career success in 2018? More importantly, do you have a plan for achieving them? Let’s take a closer look at some of the most popular career-related resolutions, and some advice for taking them past the â€Å"good idea† stage and closer to the â€Å"goal achieved† category.I want a promotion.Who among us doesn’t want a loftier position with a more impressive sounding title and a higher salary, regardless of where we currently work? The truth is, this isn’t always an immediately attainable reality for everyone- maybe you’re just getting started at your current job and it’s too soon to start thinking about a promotion, or maybe the place you work at is small and there’s no clear upward trajectory. Whatever the reason, if you’re seeking a promotion and there’s no obvious path for growth for you in your current job, perhaps this means you should make a more drastic change as part of your New Year’s resolution planning.However, if there are opportunities for growth on the horizon for you, then take a step back and a deep breath and think carefully before blindly charging into your boss’s office and demanding a promotion.Take stock of your current situation- have you spent the last year working hard to convince your boss that you are ready, willing, and able to take the next step to a new job with greater responsibility? Has your boss been giving you positive feedback all year about how valuable you are to the company and how everyone is impressed with the job you’ve been doing? If so, then you’ve already been working hard to achieve your goal of getting a promotion- the next step is choosing the right time, place, and method for asking for one. This is highly subjective and based on your individual job situation. Do you have annual review meetings with your boss to discuss s uch issues? If so, then this would be the ideal time to broach this subject. Or perhaps your boss is open to feedback and discussions whenever they arise. If so, choose a day when your boss seems to be in a good mood and go for it!Maybe you haven’t been getting great signals that your boss would be terribly receptive to the idea of you asking for a promotion. If this sounds more like your reality, then it may be wise to concoct a more long-term plan. Spend the next several months- maybe even the entire next year- anticipating your boss’s needs, doing your job to the absolute best of your ability, and sowing the seeds for popping the big â€Å"promotion question† next year. Like we said earlier, sometimes you need a plan, and there’s nothing quite as defeating or draining as asking for a promotion before you’re ready and meeting rejection.I want a new job.Okay so maybe you’ve reached as high and as far as you can possibly go in your current j ob, faced every challenge, conquered every obstacle, and mastered every skill that you could possible acquire. It’s time–you’re ready for a change. It happens, and it’s a perfectly natural and healthy part of any career path. In fact, job changes are often great opportunities to climb to the next rung on your career ladder. However you should  consider some advance planning before you race out of your current job screaming, â€Å"I quit!†Get a feel for the current job market in your field and area. Are there a wealth of opportunities available, or is it slim pickings? Take a subtle poll of the folks in your peer network who work at other companies. Does it sound like you may be able to go after an opportunity through your contacts?If conditions out in the job market seem great, then plan for your next steps- polish up your resume and cover letter, make sure your interview clothes still fit, and get out there! However, if you’re seeing some warning signs that right now might not be the best time to jump ship, then bide your time and plan accordingly. Don’t forget, you can do some subtle and covert planning for your next job while you’re at your current one so when the iron is hot you’ll be prepared to strike!I want to make a major job or career change.Perhaps you’re just not feeling completely happy or fulfilled in your current industry, and something is telling you that perhaps now is the time to make a major change. This could be a good thing- the truth is, job unhappiness is often a major cause of mental and physical distress and could have a wide range of negative effects on our health and well-being.According to a recent Huffington Post blog post by Alexander Kjerulf, founder and Chief Happiness Officer of Woohoo inc, â€Å"Way too many people hate their jobs. Exactly how many is hard to say, but depending on which study you believe, somewhere between 20 percent and 40 percent of empl oyees are miserable at work.† Kjerulf goes on to say that hating your job can weaken your immune system, make you gain weight, rob you of sleep, ruin your personal relationships, and even increase your risk of serious illness. Not a good way to ring in the New Year!So, if you’re eager to make a major job or career change†¦ you guessed it, make a plan. Consider making a list of pros and cons for taking the plunge. If everything in your life is pointing to making a major change, figure out what new goal makes the most sense for you. Take an inventory of your skills and experience, along with your interests and aspirations, and figure out which careers/industries you best align with. Do you have any friends or family who have jobs that sound potentially intriguing to you? If so, ask them more about it. Do your research- the Internet is a great source of information for researching new companies and careers.Although making a big career change can be a wonderful moment in your life, acting impulsively could really backfire. There are countless stories of people who made quick decisions to leave their current working worlds for new ones, only to discover that they were ill-informed and really had no idea what they were getting into and wound up being just as unhappy- or even unhappier- as they were before. Don’t become just another unfortunate member of this group. Plan wisely and carefully, and you’ll be setting yourself up for a real shot at positive and lasting change.I want to build new job skills.This is a great goal for most of us and can really help put you in a better position to achieve the other resolutions on this list in the future- getting a promotion or a new job, or even changing industries. And even if none of these goals are in your immediate future, acquiring new skills can be a rewarding and fulfilling enterprise on its own and help us feel more empowered and effective in our current positions.If you’re looki ng to acquire new job skills in the new year, consider the following. Do you want to acquire skills that will make you more effective at your current job or a new one? Your answer to this question will help you determine which skills you should look at. Also, are you looking to invest money towards acquiring new skills? If so, there are a wealth of career and adult education/skill-development programs available across the country; a great place to start is researching the offerings at colleges and universities in your area. You’ll likely come across a wealth of options, both in class and online- you just need to decide which are right for you.If money is an issue and you’re looking for a more cost-effective approach, there are some great free and low-cost options online. One great resource is Skillshare, an online learning community created, maintained, and curated by veterans and experts in their respective fields who are dedicated to teaching others the skills theyâ €™ve acquired.Here’s the bottom line- many folks who are unhappy with their work lives or who are just eager for a fresh start or new challenge take the new year as an opportunity to make a change, and it’s a great time to do so! Because so many people are focused on career changes at the beginning of a new year, many companies and industries ramp up their hiring during this time- and those among us who are serious and dedicated can take full advantage of this reality. If this sounds like you, perhaps now is a great time to move forward- but do so wisely and plan accordingly. Good luck and Happy New Year!

Infrastructure Protection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Infrastructure Protection - Essay Example The Homeland Security is responsible for the coordination of the nation’s overall protection efforts expressed by NIPP and the SSP. The homeland security watches and directs the development, integration and the NIPP with the national preparedness initiatives. The NIPP and the SSP therefore relies on homeland security department for success in implementation of their plans towards achieving infrastructural security in the nation. This is therefore how the three departments relate with one another and each of them is quite essential for the development of tight infrastructural security in any nation (National Infrastructure Protection Plan, 2015). Every Sector-Specific Plan is developed by a Sector-Specific Agency with a purpose of providing information on the application of concepts borrowed from the NIPP to the special characteristics and conditions of their sector. These Sector-Specific Plans are undergoing updates to make them work effectively with the most recent NIPP. An example of an effective SSP is the Information Technology sector-specific plan. The Information Technology Sector-Specific Plan (ITSSP) provides details of the efforts made by the IT department in managing the national level risks experienced in the nation. It provides the information on its progress and how promising these efforts are in managing the risk. This includes the details on the completion of the IT sector Baseline Risk Assessment. The IT SSP is also expected to make a presentation on how the IT department is making use of the results from the baseline analysis to inform the sector’s infrastructure and key resources (CIKR) protective p rograms, development, research, and measurement activities. For the sake of maximum protection of its critical infrastructure, the IT SSP provides updates each year on the details required. In the past years, the sector has also accomplished a few missions here and

Low Cost Airlines Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Low Cost Airlines - Essay Example For more than a decade now, the potential of the low-cost airline business has been evident from the huge capitalization of these airlines at stock market spheres (Brock, 2000). For example, at the start of the current decade, in 2002, Ryanair realized a market capitalization of 4.9 billion Euros, which was 45 percent more, when compared to the levels realized by British Airways (Rhoades, 2008). The increased uptake of low-cost airlines was evident from its revenue levels, which were approximated at 20 times compared to that of the traditional competitor (Dempsey and Goetz, 1992). The huge success of starter low-cost airlines in the industry has led to the emergence of new airlines in the same category and using the same business, trying to mirror their strategies. The success of these airlines can also be traced from the fact that they have stimulated a new class of demand, which offers evidence that they are not getting their customers from traditional airlines; low-cost airlines a re attracting new demand and customers into the industry (Dresner, Lin and Windle, 1996). Due to the major impact of low-cost airlines, traditional airlines have acknowledged the threat of the growing competition; therefore, have reacted to the new business model, especially in the line of business travel (Meyer and Menzies, 2000). This paper will explore the success strategies of low-cost airlines; explore the factors behind their success, analyze their business model and prospect their growth. The deregulation of air transport Following the enactment of the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978, the control of airline business and services was, to some extent, moved from the political system to the market system (Dempsey and Goetz, 1992). Deregulation refers to the change of the control exercised over air travel from the Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB), which administrated the entry of airlines into the business, their exit and the pricing of airline services, to the partial control and administration of business systems and infrastructure. Deregulation also featured the abolishment of the CAB’s control of mergers, intercarrier agreements and customer affairs (Dempsey and Goetz, 1992). The complete shift of the control took place after the endorsement of the CAB sunset ACT of 1984, which gave way to the economic liberalization of the management of air travel, which was part of deregulation, which was started after the realization that the political control of the economy did not serve the best interests of the public (Dempsey and Goetz, 1992). The air freedoms that came after deregulation Following the deregulation of the management and the control of airline services, all airline operators were allowed the freedom to operate on any route that they chose to operate. The operators of air travel services were allowed the freedom to set the fares of their travel services like they deemed fit, which would be influenced by the forces of demand, and the supply of air travel services (Dempsey and Goetz, 1992). During the time before the deregulation, there were some carriers that were not allowed to operate out of specified states, but after deregulation, these carriers were allowed to fly and operate across the country, without any limitations. Following the deregulation of the air travel industry, the restrictions that had been set in the way of entry into the industry were abolished (Dempsey and Goet

Powers and limitations given to those in our government Essay

Powers and limitations given to those in our government - Essay Example First and foremost, the legislative along with the executive branch would be heavily involved. The legislative branch would pass legislations to facilitate and address this issue with the collaboration of the President. In this matter, the judicial branch would act last because it serves as a last resort to conflict that occurs within government Lobbying and interest groups are pinnacle of a force that dictates policies and legislations. In political markets, the benefits of a policy may not be readily determined. Lobbying is extremely influential as interest groups and lobbyists can push legislation through congress. Lobbyists are strong and organized. Moreover, they have networks that expand in the white house that allows them to give strong message to the public. With the public behind them, officials are induced to pass legislations. As the current president, President Obama can push much vital legislation that can dramatically address this issue. First and foremost, he can create tax breaks for these corporations in order to facilitate the corporation’s losses. Moreover, he can push legislation that will lower tariffs in oil imports and exports. Furthermore, the logistics industry can get government funding in order to help them in this economic crunch. The Congress can pass hedge bills to facilitate gas and logistic companies. The government can give subsidiary compensation to trucking companies just like they help the farmers. Reducing fuel surcharges to the truckers would tremendously help them also. Truckers can also deduct unexpected losses from their personal income taxes and businesses which can facilitate the process. Supreme court can use reviews to analyze the regulations passed by Congress in order to evaluate if it is unconstitutional law. It has done that previously with cases such as Brown vs Board of Education and Plessy vs Ferguson. The Supreme Court in essence dictates the assurance of

Cerebral Palsy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Cerebral Palsy - Research Paper Example f disorders that affect a person’s ability to move and keep their balance and posture as a result of an injury to parts of the brain, or as a result of a problem with brain development.† There are several types of cerebral palsy which are usually classified according to how the movement is affected, or which part of the body is affected (Peacock, 2000, p. 13). There are 5 types when classifying according to the effect on movement. Spastic cerebral palsy is the most common type of the condition, characterized by poor communication between the nerves from the brain to the spinal cord (p. 13). Spinal nerves act independently and thus command muscles to contract, most of the time inappropriately, giving the patient difficulty in moving his or her extremities (p. 13). On the other hand, athetoid cerebral palsy causes the head, extremities, face, and other parts of the body to move uncontrollably (p. 14). Ataxic cerebral palsy disrupts the patient’s balance causing him or her to easily fall when walking. Hypotonic cerebral palsy results to weak and floppy muscles, while the hypertonic type is characterized by rigid muscles (p. 14). The affected parts may be described in the following: 1.) monoplegia, only one arm or leg is affected; 2.) diplegia, either both arms or both legs are affected; 3.) triplegia, three limbs are affected; 4.) quadriplegia, both arms and both legs, including the trunk are affected; and 5.) hemiplegia, one arm and one leg on the same side of the body are affected (p. 15). Over the years, experts have put efforts to determine the causes of cerebral palsy. It has been presented that the condition is caused by insults on the developing brain occurring before, during, or after pregnancy. Specific reasons why cerebral palsy occurs during pregnancy are not yet identified, but possible causes are a defect in the brain structure, infections risking the mother like German measles or herpes, maternal exposure to toxic chemicals, current maternal

Cross Cultural Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Cross Cultural Management - Assignment Example The human resource manager’s busy schedule meant that the interview session had to be re-scheduled several times. It was on the fourth schedule that the manager was available but only for one and half hours. Through this face-to - face contact with human resource manager, it was evident that expatriates in this country face several challenges. It came out clear that expatriates have multiple challenges in respect to the country. These challenges relate to a change in the physical environment, culture adaptation to new attitudes and traditions. Other factors include changes in the legal aspects, organizational norms, policies and procedures in accomplishing tasks (Blackbum, 2012). Other factors that the expatriate brings out to the reader include politics, entertainment, and social influences. The coffee shop where the interaction took place is a wonderful place. On the walls, different traditional photos communicate to the customer almost popular artifacts of the people. It was an anticipation that a busy individual like this manager would rush through the interview. At times, one would not been able to capture important aspects in the notepad. This meant that the interview had to be on record an issue the manager considered okay. This manger has been working for a non-governmental organization in the capacity of Human resource manager for the last one year. This position came as a vacancy in its head office. The expatriate is married and had to relocate with his family. In terms of age, the individual is almost in his early thirties with a Masters degree in human resource management. The organization assists in relief work and other activities around the globe, and this is his second country of assignment. The interview yield information on the economy of expatriates on foreign missions, their personal experiences, and the issue of raising a family in these foreign countries. The interview provides information on work outcomes of

Cerebral Palsy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Cerebral Palsy - Research Paper Example f disorders that affect a person’s ability to move and keep their balance and posture as a result of an injury to parts of the brain, or as a result of a problem with brain development.† There are several types of cerebral palsy which are usually classified according to how the movement is affected, or which part of the body is affected (Peacock, 2000, p. 13). There are 5 types when classifying according to the effect on movement. Spastic cerebral palsy is the most common type of the condition, characterized by poor communication between the nerves from the brain to the spinal cord (p. 13). Spinal nerves act independently and thus command muscles to contract, most of the time inappropriately, giving the patient difficulty in moving his or her extremities (p. 13). On the other hand, athetoid cerebral palsy causes the head, extremities, face, and other parts of the body to move uncontrollably (p. 14). Ataxic cerebral palsy disrupts the patient’s balance causing him or her to easily fall when walking. Hypotonic cerebral palsy results to weak and floppy muscles, while the hypertonic type is characterized by rigid muscles (p. 14). The affected parts may be described in the following: 1.) monoplegia, only one arm or leg is affected; 2.) diplegia, either both arms or both legs are affected; 3.) triplegia, three limbs are affected; 4.) quadriplegia, both arms and both legs, including the trunk are affected; and 5.) hemiplegia, one arm and one leg on the same side of the body are affected (p. 15). Over the years, experts have put efforts to determine the causes of cerebral palsy. It has been presented that the condition is caused by insults on the developing brain occurring before, during, or after pregnancy. Specific reasons why cerebral palsy occurs during pregnancy are not yet identified, but possible causes are a defect in the brain structure, infections risking the mother like German measles or herpes, maternal exposure to toxic chemicals, current maternal

Tourism Development Planning and Management (London 2012) Essay

Tourism Development Planning and Management (London 2012) - Essay Example Because of the potential brought upon by the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympics Games and the opportunities it renders, the country is set on maximizing and improving all aspects in its tourism sector in order to particularly match the global demand and trend that has emerged pertinent to tourism. More than guaranteeing the nation’s utmost performance and victory during the sporting event, the country has also taken time to build up its tourism sector through several strategies linked to the world-renowned event. Particularly the tourism industry together with leisure as well as hospitality industries in this case, stands for all kinds of businesses. These businesses rangers from multinational owned hotel, corporations to locally owned restaurants. Also included are the numerous theme parks and museum facilities that could be found in certain regions of the country. Particularly the scope of these businesses ranges from presenting parks for leisure, venues for holidays and the entertainment of guests. In order to build up the tourism sector of the country in preparation for the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympics Games, there are several strategies and plans that the country itself plan and laid out. There are several objectives for the strategy presented for the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympics Games and these are: Include all UK business in the nationwide campaign. The campaign targets both the domestic and inbound markets. It particularly aims to boldly and distinctively label the country with a diverse representation. This specific representation is intended for the presentation of the context of the manner in which to welcome both the domestic as well as overseas visitors. Enhance and build up the international perceptions of Britain. The strategy is particularly aiming in developing the image of Britain as premier tourist destination through precise

There is a best time to eat fruits Essay Example for Free

There is a best time to eat fruits Essay The title of the article is â€Å"Fruit and vegetable consumption† by Claudio E. Perez, published under Health Reports, volume 13, issue number 3, last March 2002. This is a secondary data source that analyzes the first hand information from the first half of cycle 1.1 of the Canadian Community Health Survey, which was done starting from September 2000 up to February 2001. This article tackles on the various connections associating the frequency of consuming fruits and vegetables with other health-linked activities and situations like physical activities and exercises, smoking, drinking (alcohol consumption) and weight problems like obesity.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The research process that led me to this article was a series of database and search engine browsing and reading. Not all the sources that can be found in various databases are useful that’s why careful reading and analyses should be done. Using search engines like Google and Yahoo, I was able to come up with several articles when I keyed-in the words â€Å"best time to eat fruits.† The result turn-outs were overwhelming, but browsing through these outputs, there is barely any useful information that was available. The problems that have been encountered in looking for the article   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The problem with these search engines is that there are a lot of articles, but only a few are proven to be credible. Using articles which no has known credibility would just spoil the research process, since the information you have at hand may not be telling the truth. If that’s the case, then it would be useless since there is no real basis of the information that you have gathered. In my case there were some who are not credible, turnouts coming from blogs or written by anonymous authors prove no actual use in my search for the â€Å"best time to eat fruits.† What leads me to finding the right article I could use was when I searched an online database for research articles by professionals which have been used in a larger scale, like a national survey. I keyed in the keywords â€Å"best time to eat fruits† but there were no results that came up. I narrowed my query to â€Å"time to eat fruits,† until I came up with Claudio E. Perez’ article, â€Å"Fruit and vegetable consumption.† Evaluating the reliability of a source   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When evaluating whether the source at hand is reliable, I looked into some considerations like when and where it was published, and if it came into public review at some time. The article by Perez was based on a survey across Canada from the Canadian Community Health Survey. It was about the fruit and vegetable consumption and its relation to important health-related factors like exercise, smoking, alcohol consumption and obesity all around Canada. Claudio Perez’ credibility has been strengthened with his association with the Health Statistics Division at Statistics Canada. This means that he is affiliated with the actual research and data gathering institution which proves that his articles are factual and are based on actual results from surveys and researches made by other people. This article by Claudio Perez was also published under a journal entitled Health Reports which was spread around the country. It was published around March 2002, and was included in databases in various college online libraries all over the country.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The reliability of this article is also strengthened with the information that it offers, coming from a survey done in Canada by a legal institution. Also, the articles he provided in this writings were also based on previous writings by credible sources, which he used to back his information. Because of this, he was able to come up with a credible facts and information that back can back up his article, thus providing credibility for his paper. Questions that the article need to answer and the argument that it supports   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When looking for the best time to eat fruits, I also considered several factors. This includes the consumers of these fruits, the fruits that are going to be consumed and the form or state that these fruits could be consumed. Looking at the nature of fruits in the human beings diet, it is usually being consumed as a dessert, food that could be consumed to fulfill the cravings for something sweet. But considering that these fruits have existed even before the discovery of cereals as staple food, it means that man has consumed food in their basic diets, not only as a dessert, but as a staple food instead. It then answer’s the query on the real role of fruit in people’s lives: not only a dessert, but could also be a number one source of dietary supplements that the body needs.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another query that this article answers is regarding the consumers of fruits. Basically, everyone needs to consume these fruits, since it is a good source of fiber and vitamins, something that could supply a good quality of sugar, an essential ingredient for the body’s energy. People from all walks of life should eat fruits, but this paper showed that not all of the people consume these foods. The most common consumers of these fruits come from middle to upper class people of the society, since they are the ones who are able to afford or be able to bring out extra money in their budgets to buy fruits. This is because of the fact that these fruits are not a staple food in people’s diets today, that’s why they would prefer to allocate their budgets to buy cereals and meat products as a part of their menu. They view fruits as a dessert, that’s why they would spend extra money on buying it, especially if they are a little short on the budget.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another query is what should be the forms or the state that these fruits could be consumed. Since most of the people view fruits as something to be eaten for dessert, they are usually eaten raw or sweetened or turned into candies or confectionaries. Others consume fruits by â€Å"juicing† them up, especially the citrus fruits (Stoppani). Others prefer to turn them into blended shakes or frooties and drink them as is, especially for those who are on slimming diets, avoiding eating foods rich in fats.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The real argument that this paper needs to answer is about the best time to eat fruits, and according to this article by Claudio Perez, these fruits can be eaten anytime during the day, since it was considered before as a staple food, not just some desserts or appetizers. It could provide the essential vitamins and nutrients that the body needs, and even more. These fruits are considered one of the healthiest foods, and that consuming them at a raw state is highly encouraged. With the advent of technology, they are being turned into juices or something appealing to the senses, like the more palatable fruit shakes, mixed with milk and other sweeteners. Summary of the structure and content of the source   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Claudio Perez’ article. â€Å"Fruit and vegetable consumption,† aims to establish relationships and associations between various frequencies of consuming fruits and vegetable products with various health concerns like alcoholism, smoking, and physical activities and exercise. His data came from the Canadian Community Health Survey, wherein the data gathered were from September 200 through February 2001, the first half of the cycle 1.1. Population-based information and data regarding the fruit and vegetable consumption all over Canada were made available from the Canadian Community Health Survey. According to Perez, â€Å"Numerous studies indicate that a diet rich in fruits and vegetables may help to prevent cardiovascular disease and certain cancers, which are leading causes of death in Canada (Perez).† This article associated low frequency of eating fruits and vegetables with several health risks to the human beings. This includes physical inactivity, smoking, weight problems and alcoholism.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The analytical techniques that were employed includes weighted means of providing information regarding the frequency of eating fruits and vegetables as related to various health behaviors of human beings. These health behaviors include consumption of alcohol, physical exercises and activities, smoking and weight problems. According to Perez, â€Å"the effects of other influences on food choices were considered, the positive relationship between fruit and vegetable consumption frequency and chronic disease persisted for men (Perez).† Health status and socio-demographic characteristics were also weighed in, in relation to frequency of eating fruits and vegetables.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The results that he was able to come up was that women were the ones who consume more of these fruits and vegetables as compared to men. According to Perez, â€Å"The average consumption frequencies for men and women whose level of physical activity was moderate or active and for those who were not daily smokers were significantly higher than the respective averages for men and women who were physically inactive or who smoked daily (Perez).† Taking on other influences regarding the topic, this relates the consumption of these fruits and vegetables into the state of being physically active, not engaging in smoking, and the reduced occurrence of being overweight, and not becoming alcohol dependent. Another article coming from an online source   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This article was written by Frederic Patenaude, a noted author of health books and articles, chef and health expert. His article, â€Å"Is there a food better than fruit?† is about the consumption of fruits not only for desserts and snacks but as a staple food in human diets(Patenaude Is There a Food Better Than Fruit?). This article is found on the Free Weekly Online Newsletter, Pure Health and Nutrition, wherein Frederic Patenaude was one of the main contributors. This article is a first hand source of information or a primary source, since it Patenaude shares what he knows regarding the topic. It was more of an analysis of fruits as a staple food, with historical backgrounds of the primary diets of people back in time mostly consisting of fruits and vegetables (Patenaude Raw Soups, Salads and Smoothies: Simple Recipes for Everyday Health). It provided a list of the benefits that is offered by eating fruits, like it is a good source of natural sugar which is a source of energy for the body. It is also a good source of vitamins for the body as compared to any food. References: Diamond, Harvey. Tips and Hints for Eating Fruit Til Noon .   2006. Fit for Life: Not Fat for Life Ed. Harvey DIamond.   eNotalone.com Inc. April 17 2007. http://www.enotalone.com/article/4153.html. Patenaude, Frederic. Is There a Food Better Than Fruit?   2006.   Pure Health and Nutrition E-zine. April 17 2007. http://www.fredericpatenaude.com/fruit-article.html. . Raw Soups, Salads and Smoothies: Simple Recipes for Everyday Health. Raw Vegan, 2003. Perez, Claudio E. Fruits and Vegetable Consumption. Health Reports Volume 13.Issue 3 (2002). Stoppani, Jim. The Ripe Stuff: Can You Ea T Fruit and Still Get Sliced? M F Experts Dissect This Dieting Question. Muscle Fitness   (2005).

Saboteur by Ha Jin | Analysis

Saboteur by Ha Jin | Analysis Reading Saboteur was really ironic for me because I grew up in this kind of controlled place, and I could really relate to these feelings that Mr. Chiu had. In Poland, until I was about ten years old we were under the control of communist Russia. I remember that the government required every person to have their permission to get food. They did not let us use money; we had to apply for special vouchers and everybody was allowed the same amount because communism philosophy was that everyone is equal. There were many times that I saw this kind of totalitarian control by the police. For example, if someone said something against the government that they didnt like, they could go to jail. Even worse, if some government official didnt like someone, they would be falsely accused and sent to jail, even though the government officials were the bad guys and the person had done nothing wrong. Ha Jins short story Saboteur is filled with ever increasing irony from beginning to end that finally c limaxes in the main character, Mr. Chiu, becoming that which he was falsely accused of being. Ha Jins tale of Mr. Chius unfair arrest, imprisonment and eventual release in Muji City, China after the Cultural Revolution is filled with irony. The story opens at the end of Mr. Chiu and his wifes honeymoon. Mr. Chiu had suffered from acute hepatitis and he was feeling like he was recovering but still worried about his liver. This is where one of the first ironic events occurs. They were having lunch in the square, waiting for the time to catch their train home, when the policeman at the next table threw a bowl of tea on their sandals. Mr. Chiu is obviously upset, and he asks the officers why they threw the tea. The officer tells Mr. Chiu that he is lying, and that he wet his shoes himself. The policemen arrest Mr. Chiu after he asks Why violate the laws you are supposed to enforce? (Jin par.15). The young officer then told Mr. Chiu Youre a saboteur, you know that? Youre disrupting the public order (par.17). This situation is very ironic because Mr. Chiu was minding his own business, doing nothing to disrupt the public. The police, who are supposed to keep the order, were the ones disrupting it. Many times, in communist coun tries, the enforcers of the law and rules end up being the ones who break them the most. After Mr. Chius arrest, he was taken to the Interrogation Bureau. He was asked some standard questions and we learned that he as a member of the Communist Party. Then the chief told him Your crime is sabotage, although it hasnt induced serious consequences yet You have failed to be a model for the masses (par.40). Mr. Chui argued his side of the story trying to convince the chief that it was actually the police officers who were the saboteurs. The other man in the room then showed Mr. Chiu some statements given by eyewitnesses. The statements all said that Mr. Chiu had shouted in the square and refused to obey the police. Mr. Chiu was feeling sick. The chief told him that he would have to apologize and write a self criticism. Mr. Chiu told the chief, I wont write a word because Im innocent. (par.51). This whole scene is ironic because it is again the police who are saboteurs. They went so far as to get false statements to force Mr. Chiu confess to a crime that he did not commit. He r efused to do that. Mr. Chiu was feeling very sick. He asks one of the guards to let their leader know of his condition when he is informed that no leader is on duty on the weekend. Mr. Chui resolved himself to take his detention with ease, and he tried to be restful to not irritate his hepatitis more. When he woke up Monday, he heard moaning. Mr. Chiu looked out of his window, and realized that it was his lawyer handcuffed to a tree in the heat. The lawyer had been sent by his wife to get him out of the jail, and now he was being tortured for calling the boss a bandit. This is another instance of irony because it shows the upholders of the laws breaking them. Mr. Chiu is taken to the interrogation room again after seeing his lawyer friend get more punishment. He felt helpless, and knew the only way to help was to sign a confession for a crime he did not commit. The chief told him he didnt have to write it himself, only sign it. The confession said I myself and responsible for my arrestI have realized the reactionary nature of my crimeshall never commit that kind of crime again (par.95). Even though he was furious, he signed it to help his friend. Mr. Chiu and the lawyer left the police station, and then they stopped at many tea stands and restaurants. While eating little bits at each place, he kept saying I wish I could kill all those bastards! (par.106). Within a month over eight hundred people got hepatitis and six died. The irony here is that Mr. Chiu is the one who spread his disease, disrupting public order, they crime he was falsely accused of. This story has many wonderful instances of irony, and if we look even closer, we can see even more irony when we tie all of the past events to the ending. Even though Mr. Chiu takes the only revenge he can, becoming what he was falsely accused of by spreading his disease around because he was reacting to the crime against him. The real saboteurs were the police. If the police had not falsely accused Mr. Chiu, they would not have spread hepatitis to their city, disrupting the public. They are the ones who wrote the confession, and those were the crimes they were guilty of.

The Poet Essay -- Essay s Papers

The Poet The Poet is about a search for a serial killer that the FBI names â€Å"The Poet† due to this person’s signature of forcing the victims to write suicide notes in the form of a quote from Edgar Allen Poe. Jack McEvoy, a newspaper reporter from Denver, is the brother of a victim who was killed by the Poet. In an attempt to avenge his brother’s death McEvoy, and the FBI, form a nation-wide manhunt in search of this cunning illusive killer. The Poet begins with the Rocky Mountain Newspaper reporter Jack McEvoy being informed of his twin brother’s suicide. As two of the detectives from the Denver police department who also worked with Sean McEvoy in the Crimes Against Persons unit inform McEvoy of the incident, he immediately has doubts about his twin’s alleged suicide. Seeking to better understand what his brother did and what the Denver PD says his brother did, Jack McEvoy decides to write a story for the paper about his brother. From this point on McEvoy began to learn about evil in a new way. Sean McEvoy was discovered in his car in a parking lot at Bear Lake, and the park ranger who discovered him came immediately after he heard the gunshot to find him dead. The investigators came up with the information that Sean had placed the gun inside his mouth and killed himself. Due to the high stress that Sean’s co-workers and therapist had experienced him in due to the current homicide investigation, the case was closed and it was ruled a suicide. Jack investigated his brothers death and the further he got into the case the more clues he found suggesting foul play. The final line written on the inside of the windshield by Sean McEvoy was ‘Out of Space out of Time.’ Jack linked the epitaph with the final entry in the chronological record of the case his brother was working on which read simply that he’d received a call from an unknown source and then: RUSHER was written. The connection was made by McEvoy to a similar suicide case in Chicago where a detective’s last words written on a pad were ‘Through the pale door’ taken from an Edgar Allen Poe story titled â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher† in which the main character is Rodrick Usher. As McEvoy used this information about RUSHER, he also related his brother’s line ‘Out of Space out of Time’ to a Edgar Allen Poe poem called â€Å"Dream-Land.† Sean McEvoy was deeply involved with the investiga... ... the shower. Also, Backus’ former bride to be stated that he would make her shower immediately before and after making love. Another insight into how Backus worked was the letter the FBI received from The Poet written to Bob Backus. Clearly acknowledging that there were two separate individuals within Backus. Backus also must have thought that he was smarter than everyone to think he could commit these crimes and not get caught. McEvoy’s theory of why he thought Rachel was The Poet could also lead to an understanding of why Backus possibly did what he did. He knew Rachel and Backus interviewed Horace and Gladden in prison and the killing could have started because he was punishing Beltran for creating Gladden. The questions of location of the crimes, and of manner of the crimes can be theorized that Backus was very learned in crime scene investigation and he was making the incident look like a suicide, while still sexually and emotionally gratifying himself with each of the victims. All the while covering his back with Gladden as his scapegoat. A very smart and controlled man covered a very disturbed individual’s fantasies to the point when he couldn’t not act on them.

The Determinants Of Diabetes Health And Social Care Essay

Diabetess affects over 3 million grownups in Australia alone-of which 90 % is type 2 ( Baricevic, 2007 ) non-insulin dependant diabetes mellitus ( NIDDM-for the interest of this essay diabetes is mentioning to type 2 NIDDM ) . There are legion biological and socioeconomic determiners of the disease which has developed into Australia ‘s fastest turning chronic disease. Whilst it is â€Å" frequently considered a lifestyle disease ( Scobie & A ; Samaras, 2009 ) † this is a common misinterpretation with many other lending factors such as genetic sciences, the environment and economic fortunes. Whilst much research has gone into the management/treatment of diabetes, work on turn toing the ‘upstream ‘ determiners has begun. Physical therapists play a critical function in the bar and intervention of the status with them frequently ordering exercising plans for diabetic patients. Diabetess consequences from a sum or partial insulin lack, ensuing in hypoglycemia. This lack prevents glucose motion between the blood and cells, making a build-up of glucose in the blood stream. As a consequence of the hypoglycemia, several key symptoms are present including bleary vision ; increased mending times ; unexplained weight addition ; increased passing of piss ; aridity ; fatigue and giddiness. In 2010 diabetes accounted for 6.6 % of Australia ‘s entire loads of disease and has been identified as one of the eight national wellness precedences ( AIHW, 2010 ) .Section 1Hamdy, Goodyear, & A ; Horton ( 2004 ) contend that there are three cardinal lending factors to the oncoming of diabetes. These include familial sensitivity, decreased insulin action and a defect in the pancreatic I? cell. However the most well-known biological and behavioral determiners of the status relate to fleshiness with the comparative hazard being 1.8 for an fleshy individual and a astonishing 3.2 for corpulent people ( Marks, Coyne, & A ; Pang, 2001 ) . Weight related determiners include fleshiness ( morbid and centrist ) , sedentary life style, hapless diet and low degrees of physical activity ( Ramlo-Halsted & A ; Edelman, 1999 ) . Hamdy, Goodyear & A ; Horton ( 2004 ) suggest the primary ground for such social alterations taking to the dramatic rises in the rates of both fleshiness and more so diabetes is urbanisation. They suggest that the recent global urbanization and increase in engineering has created a society where traditional incidental signifiers of exercising have been alleviated in favor of engineering and the progresss that it has facilitated. Cultural groups have peculiarly been affected by these alterations with their traditional signifiers of life transformed as they excessiv ely are impacted by globalization. An illustration of such a group in Australia is the Autochthonal Australians. As with about all countries of wellness, they are badly over represented in the per centum enduring from diabetes. __________ Other factors lending to the oncoming of the disease include older age,Section 2Despite these factors being good documented as some of the primary causes of diabetes, Scobie & A ; Samaras ( 2009 ) argue that these factors accelerate the oncoming instead than being the primary cause. -biological/behavioural determiners of wellness Age Familial background-parental history -groups at peculiar hazard: Aged Peoples with a household history Certain cultural groups ( eg Aboriginal Australians ) Low SESSection 2 ( associate back in with single determiners )– † Factors such as poorness, hapless instruction, societal exclusion, unemployment and deficiency of or hapless quality lodging all contribute to wellness inequalities. † -socioeconomic determiners of wellness Policyi? PA degrees in schools, NPAG, instruction Communityi? entree to parks/paths Environmentali? safety, entree to fresh nutrient Societali? urbanization and increase in engineering = down incidental exercising Economici? employment/occupation, income, wealthSection 3Traditionally intervention of diabetes has focused on the ‘downstream ‘ factors, with the focal point being at an single degree. Exercise and weight loss are cardinal facets of the intervention, given that ________ . Exercise entirely leads to a important betterment in insulin sensitiveness ( Misra, et al. , 2008 ) . In line with the National Physical Activity Guidelines ( Department of Health and Ageing, 2010 ) , it is recommended that persons take part in at least 30 min of walking 5 yearss per hebdomad. The guidelines highlight four key points for all grownups sing physical activity, with these being peculiarly of import for people with diabetes. They are: Think of motion as an chance, non an incommodiousness Be active every twenty-four hours in every bit many ways as you can Put together at least 30 proceedingss of moderate-intensity physical activity on most, sooner all, yearss If you can, besides bask some regular, vigorous activity for excess wellness and fittingness ( Department of Health and Ageing, 2010 ) In concurrence with exercising, a healthy diet is indispensable for the effectual intervention of diabetes ( DA Victoria, 2002 ) . This has been proven to hold the individual greatest natural impact on blood glucose degrees ; every bit good as helping weight loss and diminishing insulin opposition. Foods should non be limited to low GI, with a diet focussed on high protein ( such as fish and low fat dairy ) ; high saccharides ( such as pasta, staff of life and fruit ) and low saturated fat/sugar ( Baricevic, 2007 ) . The AIHW ( 2010 ) suggests that the most appropriate method of intervention is ab initio through diet and exercising, come oning merely subsequently to medicine. Diabetes medicine chiefly acts to assist modulate the blood glucose degrees. Given that with this status insulin is unable to efficaciously map, it becomes of import to hold a manner to modulate blood sugar. The normal scope is 3.5-6 mmol/L prior to repasts and 3.5-8mmol/L straight afterwards ( DA Victoria, 2002 ) . Glucose direction is really of import to maintain the hazard of cardiovascular disease down, and without ordinance the individual may endure from hypo/hyperglycemia. That said, Ramlo-Halsted & A ; Edelman ( 1999 ) point out that the â€Å" optimum regimen peculiarly for medicine will alter for each person as the status progresses. † There are two different options for medication-tablets or insulin injections. The tablets are taken orally and diminish the release of stored glucose in the liver, maintaining blood sugar degrees down. In contrast, insulin injections come in the signifier of a needle ( syringe ) or a pen and are used when the pancreas is unable to bring forth the needed sums of insulin ( Baricevic, 2007 ) . Diabetess, as with many wellness conditions, requires a multi-disciplinary squad for successful intervention and direction. Diabetes Management in General Practise ( 2009 ) describes the functions of at least eight different squad members in the intervention of diabetes. These include: General practician Exercise specializer ( normally a physical therapist ) Chiropodist Optometrist Oral wellness professional Diabetess educator ( nurses etc ) Dietician Endocrinologist/diabetologist Whilst non all of these wellness professionals will needfully be involved in every person ‘s intervention, the squad ‘s cooperation is critical for long-run intervention. To assist with single intervention of diabetes, the Australian Government has established the National Diabetes Services Scheme ( NDSS ) . The plan has in surplus of 900 000 registered people with diabetes and is go oning to turn. There are several cardinal elements of the strategy with subsidized merchandises and information every bit good as instruction. Through this plan, there are 2200 mercantile establishments which supply discounted merchandises for intervention to the registrants. Whilst intervention is really common, alongside it is an extended direction program. DA Victoria ( 2002 ) describes several facets to proper direction. Aside from being physically active and eating good as antecedently mentioned, it is preferred for a diabetic to associate up with a local support squad for aid, support and to keep a positive attitude. Additionally proving blood glucose on a regular basis and medicating suitably as prescribed is besides of import. Diabetes Management in General Practise ( 2009 ) besides emphasises the demand to discontinue smoke ( if applicable ) , have less than two standard drinks per twenty-four hours and guarantee BMI ( organic structure mass index ) in less than 25 to accomplish general well-being. Hawley & A ; Zierath ( 2008 ) besides outline the importance of understating the hazards and effects of complications. They province that this can be achieved through commanding glycaemia, blood force per unit area and lipid degrees ; in concurrence with regular wellness cheques ( concentrating on oculus, kidney and pes jobs ) .Section 4Prevention of diabetes is an absolute precedence particularly when over 60 % of type 2 instances are preventable. With diabetes being the 7th prima cause of decease in Australia ( AIHW, 2010 ) , there is no inquiry why the Australian Government has made the status a national wellness precedence. Harmonizing to Weeson ( 2000 ) , â€Å" upstream † intervention by primary wellness professionals should be the focal point of all attacks. These upstream factors include______________ . Simple stairss can easy assist prevent or detain the oncoming of diabetes ( Type 2 Diabetes, 2011 ) through implementing a healthy life style. Diabetes Australia encourages persons to keep a healthy weight, take part in regular physical activity, eat healthy nutrient, manage blood pressure/cholesterol and non smoke, to diminish the oncoming of the status ( Type 2 Diabetes, 2011 ) . There is a really strong nexus between physical activity and diabetes every bit antecedently mentioned, nevertheless it should benoted that engagement in a moderate or sooner alert walking regimen can diminish the incidence of diabetes by 30 % ( Jeon, Lokken, & A ; van Dam, 2007 ) . Furthermore Jeon, Lokken & A ; van Dam ( 2007 ) describe this strong relationship stating that there is besides a nexus between the sum of physical activity and the decrease of risk-an astonishing 58 % lessening in the incidence of prediabetes can be achieved through exercising antecedently stated. Zimmet ( 2000 ) emphasises that diabetes can non be stooped by traditional medical attacks. Given the graduated table and outrageousness of the issue, he contends that drastic socioeconomic and cultural position alterations are required to do advancement. Zimmet ( 2000 ) says that international diabetes and public wellness administration need to buttonhole and call up politicians and non-government bureaus. Through this, the issues doing the pandemic ( socioeconomic, behavioral, nutritionary and public wellness ) can be addressed. A multi-disciplinary undertaking force is suggested to help in the reversal of the socioeconomic issues, as Zimmet feels that persons entirely moving to alter will non do a large adequate difference ( Zimmet, 2000 ) . The National Evidence Based Guidelines for the Primary Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes ( Colagiuri, Girgis, Gomez, Walker, Colagiuri, & A ; O'Dea, 2009 ) depict four cardinal countries to making effectual preventive action for diabetes. These include: â€Å" Having a strong theoretic base for the plan † â€Å" Planing the plan with clear messages, integrating a many-sided attack to present these messages † â€Å" Encouraging household engagement † â€Å" Intensive and sustained run over a long continuance † The guidelines besides discuss the aspects within the broader community that should be targeted for bar of the status. One of the cardinal elements to efficaciously aiming the population is instruction ( Colagiuri, Girgis, Gomez, Walker, Colagiuri, & A ; O'Dea, 2009 ) . Through media, the guidelines propose that the instruction can alter attitudes every bit good as degrees of cognition. This can hold a peculiarly profound impact on the short term addition in physical activity. This was seen in the ‘Life be in it'___________ In footings of bar for persons, the guidelines besides provided several points specifically aiming those in the hazard groups. The guidelines ( Colagiuri, Girgis, Gomez, Walker, Colagiuri, & A ; O'Dea, 2009 ) specify persons at peculiar hazard as holding a mark greater than or equal to 15 on the AUSDRISK hazard appraisal tool. There are three degrees of action to forestall the oncoming of diabetes. Initially lifestyle alterations such as weight direction, come oning to pharmacological intercessions where necessary and in instances with terrible hazard bariatric surgery may be considered. Fostering the intervention dietetic considerations antecedently mentioned, in order to forestall diabetes sugar-sweetened drinks have been identified with fast nutrient as points that pose the largest menace of bring oning diabetes ( Hu, new wave Dam, & A ; Liu, 2001 ) . Fish oil and polyunsaturated fats have besides been proven to assist with the bar of the status. Other -conversion from high hazard to low hazard life style = moderate manner Physical therapists play a big function peculiarly in the intervention, but besides the bar of diabetes. Ozdirenc, Kocak & A ; Gutekin ( 2004 ) highlighted the importance of physical therapy in the accurate prescription of exercising. They suggested that any exercising prescribed in the involvement of diminishing complication with diabetes or forestalling it should be undertaken at 65-75 % of a individual ‘s VOa‚‚ soap and emphasised the necessity of a professional in such prescription. Harmonizing to their survey, physical exercising can take to a important lessening in physical damage and supply betterments to functional restrictions that the individual had suffered. In contrast, they determined that low degrees of activity caused a reduced cardio respiratory capacity and hence lessened ability to walk longer distances. These effects of inaction excessively have the possible to be improved through the execution of a physical activity government ( Ozdirenc, Kocak, & A ; Gutekin, 2004 ) . Physical therapists besides play an of import function in the bar of diabetes through instruction and public wellness publicity. At an single degree such professionals can assist their clients who are identified as being at hazard ( of diabetes ) to do behavioral alterations to decrease their personal hazards. In add-on to this, physiotherapists can assist their patients with diabetes develop an exercising plan to assistance in weight loss and bettering their future forecast. At a broader degree physical therapists can be involved in policy development and other consciousness runs. For illustration the National Physical Activity Guidelines require experts and other professional ‘s inputs to develop plans with the cardinal elements antecedently mentioned such as strong theoretical bases. Decision -prevention must be a cardinal focal point given that – † a status that is extremely conformable to primary intercession †

Decline in Communal Living in the Pacific

Abstract This essay will discuss the major reasons for the decline in communal living in the Pacific. Firstly the essay examines issues in regards to social change which are migration and conflict of interest. Secondly, the essay will discuss concerns from an economic standpoint where education and employment are considered. Thirdly, the essay will look at cultural issues in regards to Westernization and cultural identity. The essay concludes that the Pacific people need to realise in order for communal life to stay alive, these issues must be dealt with.Countries in the Pacific have their own unique way of living. Communal living is seen to be the traditional way of life in the Pacific. People are bound together by their culture and tradition. Therefore, this way of life is slowly declining and being forgotten due to many major reasons. Some of these major reasons for the decline in communal life within the Pacific are likely due to issues such as social change, economic and culture . Firstly one of the issues for the decline in communal living in the Pacific is social change.Migration is an issue related to social change, people looking for a diverse lifestyle elsewhere plays a major role in the decline in communal life in the Pacific. People want to experience a different way of life from the traditional communal way of living (Stahl & Appleyard, 2007). For example, Cook Islanders that still reside in a communal way of living, everything from chores to eating and entertainment are done together with the other members of the family or community, but many are pulling away from this way of life because they prefer to do things on their own..Also, to consider is the migration of people from a different culture and tradition into the pacific, who will have an influence on the Pacific islanders who may turn away from the communal lifestyle. An example of this would be foreign workers migrating into the country and bringing with them their way of life from their cou ntry as well as their culture in which young people could be influenced by this new lifestyle. Therefore, migration is a major factor in the decline of communal life in the Pacific.Another point to consider is conflict of interest within the family in regards to land or religious beliefs. Land issues have been a contributing issue to many disputes within the family. Members of the family fighting over the same piece of land have caused hatred and disarray amongst family members. For instance, in Rarotonga when a person is given a piece of land to occupy and build a dwelling, they must go to court to obtain an occupation right. Once the occupation right is granted the occupier has seven years to build their dwelling.Should they fail to erect a building within the timeline set a member of the family have the right to request that the occupation right be cancelled and a new occupation right be given to another family member. Also in relation to conflict of interest are religious belief s. Families and communities can be set apart because of the difference in religion. For example, Sabbath for a Seventh Day Adventist believer is observed on a Saturday, therefore this is a day of rest and their day at Church, where as Sabbath for the Catholic religion is observed on Sunday.Therefore, issues of land and religious beliefs are a large influence in the decline of communal living. Secondly another issue of importance in regards to the decline of communal living in the Pacific is economic concerns. Education can be seen as a contributing factor to the change in communal living in the Pacific. There are opportunities offered in education, and as people study towards a higher level of education, they have had to move to countries such as New Zealand, Australia, Fiji, and America.When they have completed their studies many people take up employment, whether it is within the township or overseas (Veramu, 2000). Therefore, education and employment contribute to the decline in communal living in the Pacific. Furthermore, employment opportunities are also an economic concern in relation to the decline in the communal lifestyle. The development of towns and cities bring about employment opportunities so therefore, a better pay packet and a new lifestyle encourage people to leave the traditional way of life and migrate to â€Å"greener pastures† overseas.An example of this would be, in the Cook Islands the minimum hourly wage is be $5. 00 NZD per hour as a cleaner, compared to $13. 85 NZD per hour working as a cleaner in NZ (Clarke, 2013). Thus, employment is an issue in regards to the loss of this way of living in the Pacific. Thirdly, cultural values are also an issue in respect to the decline of communal life in the Pacific. A related aspect to culture issues is Westernization in which many Pacific Islanders have adopted the lifestyle and culture of western countries.For instance, in the Cook Islands if there was a marriage ceremony in a village, e veryone in the village would come together and prepare food, and decorate the building where the wedding ceremony would take place as well as the reception, it was an open invitation and everyone in the village(s) would come to celebrate. This no longer occurs as the influence from the west has changed the way people think. Therefore, western culture influence is also responsible for the decline in communal life in the Pacific.Moreover, in relation to culture issues is the loss of cultural identity which many people are experiencing today, therefore this is a concern in the communal decline of life in the Pacific. In the past every person knew how to speak the language of their country, also knowing the protocols of their villages, and genealogy; the majority of people today have forgotten or have not been taught by their parents. For example, from the age a child is able to understand and communicate with people, they are taught by their parents, as well as people in the village ab out life and other experiences.Thus, the cultural loss in one’s identity is a reason for the decline in Pacific communal life. To conclude, it is essential to be aware of the major reasons for the decline in communal life in the Pacific in relation to social impacts, economical concerns and cultural values. The Pacific people must realise that communal life is declining and it is threatening the traditions and culture of the Pacific. Traditional values and issues should be considered more to re-strengthened communal life in the Pacific. Communal life will die out if the issues are not examined and considered by the people in all the Pacific countries as a whole.

International law

The following essay is divided into the following sections: Introduction Definitions Positivism Realism International law Conclusion List of works cited Law is a concept of governance that involves the stipulation and establishment of rules and regulations that are enforced to shape politics, economics, and society. It is put in place by various governmental institutions to govern a community. Law moderates our day-to-day lives with regards to human relationships.It has various oncepts to it; company law, property law, trust law, criminal law, constitutional law, administrative law, international law, and civil law. The study of law allows for review and revision of these rules and regulations ensuring that none is faulty or biased in any manner to a single party of the human population. Definitions The above mentioned concepts are in light of the various activities we indulge in. Contract law deals with regulation of trade terms relating to establishments of contracts.Property law d eals in ownership rights and ownership transfers of personal property. It is often called Chattel law. We can say that Trust law applies to assets that are secured for financial reasons. A concept of law that was not mentioned previously in the introduction part is Tort law. This law enables one to apply for compensation in the case of loss of or damage of personal property (Byers 22). Criminal law establishes the way and reasons for perpetrator prosecution.Constitutional law protects the human rights as well as providing the legal framework for the governance of a state, and its laws. Administrative law presents governmental policies after they have been reviewed by governmental agencies, while international aw controls and manages interstates sovereign decisions in trade and military action regulations (Wallace 198). The law forms a ground on which all mankind is considered equal, and offers Justice systems in equal proportions to every citizen. The three main arms of government a re responsible for creating and enforcing legal systems of a state.These three are the executive, the Judiciary, and the legislature Positivism This legal term, if applied in the context of international relation, asserts that each nation remains bound by the specific international laws it deems fit to undertake as art of its governing criteria, but otherwise, it would be free to act accordingly as it wishes were it not for those laws. It continues to clash in idealism with the assertions of realism and natural law till today (Kelsen 310). Its sociological rationale is that, sensible knowledge is derived from authentic sources like facts, experience, and positive verification.It suggests that law is based primarily on the command of the ruler. †°mile Durkheim redefined Sociological positivism. Later sociologists found it conflicting with their beliefs and came up with the Anti-positivism concept. Karl Popper and Thomas Kuhn led to the development of post-positivism. The stipula tion of positivism developed as conflict continued to abound the topic questioning the existence of higher norms of international relations that constrict the freedom of sovereign states (Dixon 341).In the study of legal systems, positivism can be taken to establishment of international law is entirely dependent on natural law, it becomes apparent that positivism and international law come to a conflict on some level (Armstrong 71). Realism This theory is based on the argument that, since all laws are made by human beings, or human beings, then it is subject to human error. On the context of international relations, we can interpret this to imply that in order for a realist to conquer, he must put aside all feelings of morality and friendship, and concentrate on building power on his part.In the context of international law, we can say that it is an act out of selfish interests (Oppenheim 123). Its general rationale is achieving a nation's goal without regard of the other nations. T his prevents the nation from being vulnerable from other ruthless adversaries. Therefore, since war and conflict arise often etween countries, a country should try gain an advantage over the others to make it stronger. Realists dismiss the significance of law in international relations because they believe there is no need to regard an issue that will limit your influence as a leader among your subjects.International law These are the rules and regulations put in place to govern international relations between any two participants or nations. This institution maintains order and legal privileges in the international community. It consists of treaties and long-lasting agreements that primarily concern nations and provinces, rather than private itizens. Some of the rulings made in international cases determine the ruling of other nations in the same premise. This way it can form resolutions between regions globally, ensuring that equal Justice is offered for the wrong-doing of an offe nse previously encountered.International law helps maintain countries in peaceful relations with each other, trying to avoid the outbreak of a war where innocent lives might be lost or destroyed (Shaw 77-79). It only falls short in execution of its enforcement strategies, seeing that the enforcement program is young as well as underdeveloped. The issue only gets more complicated considering the sovereignty and independence of the member countries. No nation would subject itself to legal punishment knowing well that it can avoid participation of the legal program and act as it wishes.It would be binding itself in laws it has helped establish. In this premise, it suggests that positivism disregards the rule of international law (Salli Swartz 112). Realism remains a very important aspect of influential magnitude in colleges that study legal systems. Legal realism teaches political science as a social science and in udicial studies as a specialized discipline. Legal bodies that govern i nternational relations seek to maintain harmony and peace among member countries while trying to prevent possible conflict between two nations regardless of their membership.It requires that the international laws stipulated be considered into the national Justice system to prevent any nation from conflicting with others. Conclusion International law demands that participating countries partake of its Justice systems. Realism asserts that only when a country chooses to bind itself with these rules can it e party to international legal punishment. Positivism asserts that a country can choose to place its needs first before the interests of other countries (Barker 71-72).In this sense the two legal premises conflict in ideology. However, international law demands that democratic states adopt international law into their internal legal law is left to its own discretion (Reus-Smit 101). It only demands that the nation ultimately conforms to the laws. It also insists that regardless of w hat a nation's internal laws dictate, it cannot take them as an excuse to not comply with nternational agreements as stipulated by international bodies like the United Nations.